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be N Ww ws Oo OY ~] oO WO a oO = be N Ww = Hs Oo a OY a ~] a oO a Ke) 20 21 22 23 24 25 Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 747 _ Filed 08/10/22 Page 65 of 228 741 LC2VMAX2 Rocchio —- Direct what's happened. And then it's only over time that they will begin to talk more specifically about what has happened. And even in therapy, oftentimes disclosure of the most intimate or difficult details is something that's very hard and individuals are very reluctant to do. Q. Dr. Rocchio, in your clinical experience, what factors —- withdrawn, your Honor. Dr. Rocchio, in your clinical and forensic experience, what factors contribute to if and when a person discloses the childhood sexual abuse they experienced? A. It has to do with the degree to which they feel safe, the degree to which they feel that they are going to be believed. Again, as it's a process that unfolds over time, they may begin to talk about it. And then to the extent that they are getting messages that they are being judged or that they are being blamed or shamed, they may shut down. To the extent that they feel supported and believed, then they may be more likely to continue with that disclosure, again, over time. Q. Dr. Rocchio, what, if any, long-term impact does childhood sexual abuse have on victims? A. We know that although all adverse events that occur during childhood can place children at higher risk for adverse outcomes, we know that among those, child sexual abuse in particular increases risk for a very, very high number of various health problems and mental health problems and also SOUTHERN DISTRICT REPORTERS, (212) 805-0300 PG ew DOJ-OGR- 00017938