EFTA02250799.pdf

To: Iiallifilevacationagmail.com] From: Sent Fri 7/13/2018 1:31:54 PM Subject Fwd: Laurel v Yanny Illusion" & Consonant classifications Begin forwarded message: From: MARK TRAMO Subject: Laurel v Yanny "illusion" & Consonant classifications Date: July 12, 2018 at 6 47 57 PM EDT •eter Cariani Marco lacobo FYI - re: Consonant categories of L vs Y and R vs. N - all or sonorants, voiced, and involve touching the tongue to the alveolar ridge or a little behind it. I have to admit being something of a Liberman fan : motor theory of speech perception. I put together the outline below in advance of my call w/ Natl Geographic in a few minsxxx ***** LAUREL vs YANNY L vs Y confusion: - both L and Y are in the "sonorant" a.k.a. "resonant" class of consonants - both L and Y are voiced consonants - both L and Y POA involve putting the tongue against the back of the gums, though L is considered alveolar and Y "alveopalatal" - both Laterals like L and Semivowels like Y involve air escaping through small apertures — in L the air escapes around the sides of the tongue, in Y the alveopalatal aperture is smaller than a vowel's but less restrctiive than fricatives and stops. EFTA_R1_01038805 EFTA02250799 R and N confusion: - both R and N are in the "sonorant" a.k.a. "resonant" class of consonants - both R and N are voiced consonants - both R and N have same POA = alveolar - both MOA retroflex R and MOA nasal N block airflow at the alveolar ridge but In R it comes out the mouth but in N it comes out the nose From: http://faeweb.furman,edukwrogers/phonemes/phono/phcons.htm - In phonetics and phonology, MOA = a sonorant or resonant is a speech sound that is produced with continuous, non-turbulent airflow in the vocal tract; these are the manners of articulation that are most often voiced in the world's languages. Vowels are sonorants, as are consonants like /m/ and Ill: approximants, nasals, flaps or taps, and most trills. PLACE OF ARTICUATION Alveolar Consonants - the flow of air is stopped or impeded by creating a block or a small aperture between the tongue and the alveolar ridge. Alveolars may be voiced (vocal cords vibrating during the articulation of the consonant) or voiceless (vocal cords not vibrating during the articulation of the consonant). Here is a list of the alveolars in Present-Day English. 1. /V (the phoneme spelled t in tot): voiceless alveolar stop. 2. /d/ (the phoneme spelled din dot): voiced alveolar stop. 3. /s/ (the phoneme spelled s in sue): voiceless alveolar fricative. 4. /z/ (the phoneme spelled z in zoo): voiced alveolar fricative. 5. M/ (the phoneme spelled n in nail): (voiced) alveolar nasal. 6./1/ (the phoneme spelled I in let): (voiced) alveolar lateral. 7. /r/ (the phoneme spelled r in root): (voiced) alveolar retroflex. EFTA_R1_01038808 EFTA02250800 Alveopalatal Consonants - Alveopalatals are consonants for which the flow of air is stopped or impeded by creating a block or a small aperture between the tongue and the region of the hard palate just behind the alveolar ridge. Alveopalatals may be voiced (vocal cords vibrating during the articulation of the consonant) or voiceless (vocal cords not vibrating during the articulation of the consonant). Here is a list of the alveopalatals in Present-Day English. I. lc< (the phoneme spelled ch in chip): voiceless alveopalatal affricate. 2. /tel (the phoneme spelled g in gyp): voiced alveopalatal affricate. 3. /s4 (the phoneme spelled sh in shore): voiceless alveopalatal fricative. 4. /r4 (the phoneme spelled z in azure): voiced alveopalatal fricative. 5. /j/ (the phoneme spelled y in yard): (voiced) alveopalatal semivowel. MANNER OF ARTICULATION — all the consonants in these two words are "resonant?" and all involve the tongue touching the back of the gums or hard palate 1. Lateral /I/ in Laurel vs Semivowel /y/ in Yanny Laterals are consonants formed by allowing the air to escape around the sides of the tongue. Present-Day English has only one lateral, which is voiced (vocal cords vibrating during the articulation of the lateral). (The lateral, the nasals the retroflex and the semivowels /w/ and /j/ are sometimes called the resonants.) 1. /1/ (the phoneme spelled / in let): (voiced) alveolar lateral. Semivowels are vowel-like consonants: that is, the air-flow is not stopped or impeded so as to cause a friction-sound, but the aperture through which the air passes is smaller than the aperture of any vowel. Also, in forming words, semivowels appear in positions where consonants normally appear. Present-Day English has two semivowels, both of which arc voiced (vocal cords vibrating during the articulation of the nasal). (The semivowels, the lateral /1/, the retroflex in, and the nasals are sometimes called the resonants.) I. /w/ (the phoneme spelled w in wet): (voiced) bilabial velar semivowel. (This phoneme is bilabial because it requires rounding of both lips; it is velar because the back of the tongue rises toward the velum when the phoneme is articulated.) 2. /j/ (the phoneme spelled y in yard): (voiced) alveopalatal semivowel. 2. Retroflex /r/ in Laurel vs Nasal /n/ in Yanny EFTA_R1_01038807 EFTA02250801 A retroflex is a consonant formed when the tongue rises toward the roof of the mouth and then retracts toward the back of the oral cavity. Present-Day English has one retroflex, which is voiced (vocal cords vibrating during the articulation of the retroflex). (The retroflex, the lateral ill, the nasals, and the semivowels Rs 1 and di are sometimes called the resonants.) I. /r/ (the phoneme spelled r in root): (voiced) alveolar retroflex. Nasals are consonants that are formed by blocking the oral passage and allowing the air to escape through the nose. Present-Day English has three nasals, all of which are voiced (vocal cords vibrating during the articulation of the nasal). (The nasals, the lateral 114 the retroflex /II, and the semivowels /w/ and j are sometimes called the resonants.) I. /m/ (the phoneme spelled m in mail): (voiced) bilabial nasal. 2. /n/ (the phoneme spelled n in nail): (voiced) alveolar nasal. 3. In/ (the phoneme spelled ng in sing): (voiced) velar nasal. Mark Jude Tramo, MD PhD Dept of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Dept of Musicology, UCLA Herb Alpert School of Music Director, The Institute for Music & Brain Science Co-Director, University of California Multi-Campus Music Research Initiative (UC MERCI) http: • \\ -ww.Brain\htsie.ortz Itttp Therci. ticsd.cdtt EFTA R1_01038808 EFTA02250802