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Case 18-2868, Document 273-2, 08/09/2019, 2628218, Page20 of 25 burden” and require that filings containing such material be submitted under seal. If parties then seek to file such materials, the court may deny them leave to do so.*! District courts may also seek to counteract the effect of defamatory statements by explaining on the record that the statements appear to lack credibility. Moreover, under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(f), the district court may strike such material from the filings on the grounds that it is “redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous.” Because such rejected or stricken material is not “relevant to the performance of the judicial function” it would not be considered a “judicial document” and would enjoy no presumption of public access.* Finally, in appropriate 4 Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c); see also TheStreet.Com, 273 F.3d at 229-30. 4 See, e.g., S.D.N.Y. Electronic Case Filing Rules & Instructions, February 1, 2019 Edition, Rule 6.1, http://nysd.uscourts.gov/ecf/ECF%20Rules%20020119%20Final.pdf. ” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f). Courts may strike material from the pleadings either “on its own” or “on motion made by a party.” Id. Although motions to strike material solely “on the ground that the matter is impertinent and immaterial” are disfavored, when material is also “scandalous,” no such presumption applies. Cf. Lipsky v. Commonwealth United Corp., 551 F.2d 887, 893 (2d Cir. 1976); see also Talbot v. Robert Matthews Distrib. Co., 961 F.2d 654, 664 (7th Cir. 1992) (“Allegations may be stricken as scandalous if the matter bears no possible relation to the controversy or may cause the objecting party prejudice.”); Wine Markets Int'l, Inc. v. Bass, 177 F.R.D. 128, 133 (E.D.N.Y. 1998) (“Motions to strike are not generally favored, except in relation to scandalous matters.”); Alvarado-Morales v. Digital Equip. Corp., 843 F.2d 613, 617-18 (1st Cir. 1988) (categorizing as scandalous “matter which impugned the character of defendants”). ® Amodeo I, 44 F.3d at 145. 20