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Case 18-2868, Document 280, 08/09/2019, 2628232, Page8 of 74 Net Jets Aviation, Inc. v. LHC Commc’ns, LLC, 537 F.3d 168 (2d Cir. 2008) oo. eescseeseseseeeceeseeeescseseeecscseeeasseseeesseseeesecseseeasscseessacseseearas 27 New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 USS. 254, 84S. Ct. 710, 11 L-Ed.2d 686 (1964) woe esececsesceeeecseseeesesesesseseeeeeeas 50 Pacenza v. IBM Corp., 363 F. App'x 128 (2d Cir. 2010)... cece cssesseececseeseseseseeecscsececsssesecesseseeesecsesssasscseessacsesearas 34 Patrick v. Le Fevre, TAS F.2d 153 (2d Cir. 1984) oe ccecsecesseseeececseeeescseseceescseeecasscsecesseseeecessesesasseseeesaeseseaas 36 Petrus v Smith, 91 A.D.2d 1190 (N.Y.A.D.,1983) oo eeceseeeeseseeeeeeeeeeeneeeseeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeseeeseeseeseeneeseeeeeseeeeeeeeseaees 42 Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc. v. Hepps, ATS U.S. 767 (1986) woe eeeeccseesesesceeeseseseeessescsececseseeesscseseeacscseseescseecavaceesessesesesecaeeeesseeeeeeaeseete 49 Rand v. New York Times Co., 430 N.Y.S.2d 271, 75 A.D.2d 417 (N.Y.A.D. 1980) ooo ee eseseececsesseeeeeseeseesseseeeeaeneeees 32 Rubens v. Mason, 387 F.3d 183 (2d Cir. 2004) oe cceseseceeeseeececsesescsesececseseeecassesecesseseeecessesesasscseeesseseseearas 35 Sexter & Warmflash, P.C. v. Margrabe, 38 A.D.3d 163 (N.Y.A.D. 1 Dept. 2007) oo. eee esceseesescseeecseseseeecseseeececsesesasscseeesaeseseeaas 42 Stern v. Cosby, 645 F. Supp. 2d 258 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) ooo ceececseeeeseseeeeseseseeessescsesecaeseesesseseeasseenenaeees 27, 47 Swan Brewery Co. Ltd. v. U.S. Trust Co. of New York, 832 F. Supp. 714 (S.D.N-Y. 1993) occ ccsesseecscseesescseseeeescseeecassesecesseseeesecseseeasssseeesacseeeaas 27 Rules Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 cocci cececseseeseseseeecscscsececsessecscsesececscseceeacsesesesacsesesaeaceecessessasesseeeassseeeesaeseeees 27 Other Authorities Merriam-Webster (11 ed. 2006) ......cscesssessssesssessssessssesssessssesssesssseessesssseessessssecasestsseeaseetseeeases 60, 64 RESTATEMENT (SECOND) OF TORTS § 576 (1977) ...eccecsscsssseseseeseseseseeeesesceeeecsessesscseeeeacseeeeeeaeseeees 29 SACK ON DEFAMATION § 2.7.2 at 2-113 to 2-114 (4th ed. 2016)... vii