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which involved limiting their contact with a patient to five minutes. This was followed by detailed discussion of everything we’d seen and heard. |’d ask them to predict what we’d find in the many pages of personal interviews and nurses observations in the clinic chart. The student psychiatrists with the most street smarts, called emotional intelligence by Daniel Goleman, were particularly quick at shadowing and thus predicting the patient’s global dynamical pattern. Do personality patterns exist? Evidence from biometric studies of the hereditary aspects of personality style in animals and humans suggest that relatively few global component properties underlie a variety of complicated-looking manifestations of behavioral style. Primary colors are the source of all hues. Harvard psychologist, Jerome Hagen, has reviewed the history of this idea in his book, Galen’s Prophecy. While there are differences among personality research programs, almost all rating scale and questionnaire-based studies result in clusters of traits that reflect statistically associated properties which when taken together are called temperament. This idea is close to what we mean by personality. These relatively few response clusters are given descriptive names such as introversion, extroversion, neuroticism, impulsivity, sociability, task persistence and tolerance of ambiguity. As defined by psychological inventories, studies of families show that these styles are heritable in the range of 60%. Hans Eysenck, in over four decades of work and more than 5000 published papers from London’s Maudsley Hospital, derived common global factors of personality using questionnaires. The best known was called the Eysenck Personality Inventory. His studies resulted in evidence for only a few fundamental behavioral axes, behavioral manifolds, which describe extremal properties of personality types analogous to stable and unstable manifolds: introversion- extroversion, shyness-sociability, low and high activity level and emotional constriction versus impulsivity. To make the issue of personality as dynamical system more realistically complex, we can call on some examples of the rich history of behavioral genetic studies using animals such as the mouse. They can be selectively bred for underlying personality factors, such as dominance, fear, aggression or exploratory 28 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_013528