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Deep Blue
York, watching a chess match. It’s no ordinary match. Two men sit
opposite each other. One, a neatly suited figure, stares intently at the
board. You can almost see the heat rising from his head as he processes
the possibilities before him. The other, sits implacably calm and, before
each turn, looks to a screen at the side of the board, reads the instruction,
and makes his move.
This is the famous match between Garry Kasparov and IBM’s Deep
Blue. Kasparov, a child prodigy, became world chess champion at the age
of fifteen and, to this day, holds the record for the highest chess ranking
ever achieved. Some consider him one of the most intelligent people on
the planet. His opponent, Deep Blue, is a massively parallel chess-playing
computer built by IBM’s Watson Research Laboratory. The machine itself
sits a few blocks north of the tournament in an air-conditioned room,
and relays the moves over a phone line to Joe Hoane, the IBM researcher
who moves the pieces.
Six months earlier, in Philadelphia, Kasparov won against Deep Blue.
This is the rematch and has generated a worldwide media frenzy. Tickets
to the event are sold out and most news organizations give a blow-by-
blow report each day. On the eighth day of the tournament Kasparov and
Deep Blue are level pegging. Kasparov is playing an opening he knows
well. It’s one designed to be hard for computers to play and has been
tested extensively against Fritz, a chess computer Grand Masters use for
practice. But Deep Blue doesn’t seem fazed. Kasparov is visibly tired. On
the 16 move he makes a dreadful blunder and sinks into despair. An
hour later, after some moments of quiet contemplation, he tips over his
| t is 1997 and we are on the 39" story of the Equitable Center in New
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