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4.2.12 WC: 191694 opined that since the body had been embalmed before autopsy, any chemical analysis could be contaminated by the embalming fluid. They also criticized Dr. Ballard for “sloppy” practices in his lab that could add to the contamination. The jury, after only a few minutes of deliberation, unanimously convicted Dr. Sybers of first degree murder. He could have been condemned to die, but instead he was sentenced to life imprisonment. His only hope of ever experiencing freedom was an appeal, or a new trial motion, which my brother and I were retained to prepare and argue. My brother Nathan, three and half years my junior, has long been my secret weapon. After graduating from NYU law school, he served as an appeals lawyer in the New York Legal Aid Society where he argued hundreds of criminal appeals. Then he worked in a large law firm and at the American Jewish Congress before starting his own boutique appellate law firm. His firm includes two other excellent appellate lawyers who are his partners, as well as several associates. I work on many of my most difficult cases with the firm—Dershowitz, Eiger and Adelson. Their work proved invaluable in the Sybers case, as it did in many others. We began by reviewing the scientific evidence, as we had in the Von Bulow and Simpson cases. Although appellate lawyers are supposed to focus only on the trial record, I have never followed that practice. I start over from scratch and revisit all the scientific and other evidence. The result is not only an appellate brief focusing on errors committed at the trial, but a motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence, which we almost always find. In this case we discovered massive incompetence and sloppiness on the part of the private lab that had “found” traces of SMC, and serious problems in the FBI lab as well. We were fortunate that among the three judges assigned to hear our appeal, one had had a degree in chemistry. He understood the principle, articulated by the courts over the years, that “novel scientific evidence” can be admitted at a criminal trial only if it is “sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance” by the scientific community. As he later put it: “a courtroom is not a laboratory, and as such is not the place to conduct scientific experiments,” and that “doubts as to admissibility” of such evidence should be resolved “in a manner that reduces the chance of a wrongful conviction.” With these salutary principles in mind, we set out to convince the appellate court that the “science” on which Sybers was convicted was not science at all, but was the result of an unscientific effort by an overzealous prosecutor to discover, or if necessary manufacture, “evidence” that would confirm his vendetta against Dr. Sybers. We were convinced, based on our research, that the “finding” of SMC in Kay’s tissues was the result of a classic false positive, based on contamination. We produced our new evidence of massive contamination in Dr. Ballard’s lab and of problems in the FBI lab. We presented this new evidence, along with the old evidence from the trial, to the appellate court. I argued the appeal. It turned into a seminar on the scientific method. I began as the “teacher” but soon became the “student” when I realized that the presiding judge knew at least as much about the science as I did. A few months later, the court published the decision reversing Sybers 186 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_017273