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BREAKING DOWN DEMOCRACY: Goals, Strategies, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians sign among many that China is rolling up the welcome NGOs is particularly troubling, however, given the total mat for the outside world. The leadership's exertion absence of national elections and opposition political of pressure on reform-minded foreigners parallels its parties in China. The NGO sector was one of the few increasingly skeptical attitude toward the internation- outlets available to Chinese citizens who seek political al press, certain foreign technology firms, Christian change. The Xi Jinping leadership, in adopting the new churches, and especially “Western” ideas like democ- law, is communicating its determination to shut off all racy, the rule of law, and press freedom. The hostility to possible avenues for independent political action. 1. Roger McDermott, “Protecting the Motherland: Russias Counter-Color Revolution Military Doctrine,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, No- vember 14, 2014, https://jamestown.org/program/protecting-the-motherland-russias-counter-color-revolution-military-doctrine/. 2. Leon Aron, “Drivers of Putin's Foreign Policy,” American Enterprise Institute, June 14, 2016, https://www.aei.org/publication/ drivers-of-putins-foreign-policy/; Dennis Lynch, “Russian Security Council Warns US Seeks ‘Color Revolution’ against Kremlin,” International Business Times, March 25, 2015, http://www.ibtimes.com/russian-security-council-warns-us-seeks-color-revolu- tion-against-kremlin-1859808. 3. Howard Amos, “Russian Officials See ‘Color Revolution’ in Armenia,” Moscow Times, June 24, 2015, https://themoscowtimes.com/ articles/russian-officials-see-color-revolution-in-armenia-47670. 4. Alexander Golts, “Are Color Revolutions a New Form of War?” Moscow Times, June 2, 2014, https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/ are-color-revolutions-a-new-form-of-war-36093. 5. Dmitry Gorenburg, “Countering Color Revolutions: Russias New Security Strategy and Its Implications for U.S. Policy,” Ponars Eur- asia, September 2014, http:/Avww.ponarseurasia.org/memo/countering-color-revolutions-russia%E2%80%99s-new-security-strat- egy-and-its-implications-us-policy. 6. Gabrielle Tétrault-Farber, “Putin Sounds the Alarm over Budding ‘Color Revolutions’ in Russia,” Moscow Times, March 4, 2015, https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/putin-sounds-the-alarm-over-budding-color-revolutions-in-russia-44473. 7. Dmitry Gorenburg, “Countering Color Revolutions: Russias New Security Strategy and Its Implications for U.S. Policy.” Anders Aslund and Michael McFaul, eds., Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukraines Democratic Breakthrough (Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006). 9. “Briefing on Shrinking Space for Civil Society in Russia,” Human Rights Watch, February 24, 2017, https://Awww.hrw.org/ news/2017/02/24/briefing-shrinking-space-civil-society-russia. 10. Tanya Lokshina, “Russia Civil Society Deemed ‘Undesirable,” Open Democracy, May 20, 2015, https://www.hrw.org/ news/2015/05/20/russian-civil-society-deemed-undesirable. 11. Heather McGill, “Russian NGOs Cynically Treated Like Enemies of the State,” Amnesty International, November 13, 2015, https:// www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/11/russian-ngos-cynically-treated-like-enemies-of-the-state/. 12. Thomas Grove, “Russia Squeezes Critics at Home by Declaring Them ‘Foreign Agents,” Wall Street Journal, August 16, 2015, http:// www.wsj.com/articles/russia-squeezes-critics-at-home-by-declaring-them-foreign-agents-1439778187. 13. Fred Weir, “Russia Moves to Silence Civil Society and Its ‘Undesirable’ Contacts,” Christian Science Monitor, May 27, 2015, http:// www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2015/0527/Russia-moves-to-silence-civil-society-and-its-undesirable-contacts. 14. “Russia Deems Two U.S.-Based NGOs ‘Undesirable,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, August 18, 2016, http://www.rferl.org/a/rus- sia-u-s-ngos-undesirable/27931869.html. 15. Thomas Carothers, “Closing Space: Democracy and Human Rights Support Under Fire,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 20, 2014, http://carnegieendowment.org/2014/02/20/closing-space-democracy-and-human-rights-support-un- der-fire-pub-54503. 16. Civicus 2013: Enabling Environment Index (Civicus), http://civicus.org/downloads/2013EEI%20REPORT.pdf. 17. Carothers, “Closing Space.” 18. Josh Chin, “China Gives Police Broad Powers over Foreign Nonprofits,” Wal! Street Journal, April 28, 2016, http://www.wsj.com/ articles/china-passes-law-clamping-down-on-foreign-ngos-1461853978. 19. Charlie Campbell, “Chinas New Foreign NGO Law Is Threatening Vital Advocacy Work,” Time, April 26, 2016, http://time. com/4307516/china-ngo-law-foreign-human-rights/. 20. Stanley Lubman, “Chinas New Law on International NGOs—And Questions about Legal Reform,” Wall Street Journal, May 25, 2016, http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2016/05/25/chinas-new-law-on-international-ngos-and-questions-about-legal-reform/. 21. “Chinas Strange Fear of a Colour Revolution,” Financial Times, February 9, 2015, https://www.ft.com/content/9b5a2ed2-af96-11e4- b42e-00144feab/de. 22. Tom Phillips, “Swedish Activist Peter Dahlin Paraded on China State TV for ‘Scripted Confession,” Guardian, January 19, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/20/swedish-activist-peter-dahlin-paraded-on-china-state-tv-for-scripted-confes- sion. 28 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019262