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BREAKING DOWN DEMOCRACY: Goals, Strategies, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians 1. Andrew E. Kramer, “New Russian History: Yes, People Died, but ...,, New York Times, August 15, 2007, http://www.nytimes. com/2007/08/15/world/europe/15iht-letter.1.7122937.html. 2. “The Rewriting of History,” Economist, November 8, 2007, http://www.economist.com/node/10102921. 3. Gabriela Baczynska, “Putin Accused of Soviet Tactics in Drafting New History Book,” Reuters, November 18, 2013, http://www. reuters.com/article/us-russia-history-idUSBRE9AHOJK20131118. 4. “The Rewriting of History,” Economist. 5. Ben Hoyle, “Putin Rewrites History for New School Textbook,” Times (London), November 20, 2013, http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/ news/world/europe/article3926546.ece. 6. Gabriela Baczynska, “Putin Accused of Soviet Tactics in Drafting New History Book.” 7. “Merkel Listens as Putin Defends USSR's Pact with Nazi Germany,” Kviv Post, May 10, 2015, httos://www.kyivpost.com/article/con- tent/war-against-ukraine/merkel-listens-as-putin-defends-ussrs-pact-with-nazi-germany-388241.html; “Putin Defends Ribben- trop-Molotov Pact in Press Conference with Merkel,” Moscow Times, May 11, 2015, https://themoscowtimes.com/news/putin-de- fends-ribbentrop-molotov-pact-in-press-conference-with-merkel-46441. 8. Linas Linkevicius, “Putin Has Defended the Nazi-Soviet Pact. Time for the West to Wake Up,” Guardian, November 7, 2014, https:// www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/07/viadimir-putin-defended-nazi-soviet-pact-west-world-war-two; Tom Parfitt, ‘Vladimir Putin Says There Was Nothing Wrong with Soviet Union's Pact with Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany,” Telegraph, November 6, 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/11213255/Vladimir-Putin-says-there-was-nothing-wrong-with- Soviet-Unions-pact-with-Adolf-Hitlers-Nazi-Germany.html; Timothy Snyder, “Putin's New Nostalgia,” New York Review of Books, November 10, 2014, http://www.nybooks.com/daily/2014/11/10/putin-nostalgia-stalin-hitler/. 9. Reuters, “Putin: ‘We Understand the Fatality of an lron Curtain,” Business Insider, November 23, 2014, http://www. businessinsider. com/r-putin-says-russia-is-not-isolated-tass-2014-11. 10. Fred Weir, “How a Liberal Bastion Is Persevering in an Increasingly Illiberal Moscow,” Christian Science Monitor, January 25, 2016, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2016/0125/How-a-liberal-bastion-is-persevering-in-an-increasingly-illiberal-Moscow. 11. Serge Schmemann, “Sakharov, Little Remembered in Putin’s Russia,” New York Times, December 17, 2014, http://www.nytimes. com/2014/12/18/opinion/sakharov-little-remembered-in-putins-russia.html. 12. Arch Puddington, “A Prophet Ignored in His Own Land: Andrey D. Sakharov," Freedom at Issue, September 28, 2015, https://free- domhouse.org/blog/prophet-ignored-his-own-land-andrey-d-sakharov. 13. Tony Barber, “Russia Rewrites History of the Prague Spring,” Financial Times, June 3, 2015, https://www.ft.com/content/340a086c- O9df-11e5-b6bd-00144feabdcO. 14. Andrew Pulver, “New Russian Invasion Documentary Dismays Czech and Slovak Governments,” Guardian, June 2, 2015, https:// www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jun/02/new-russian-invasion-documentary-dismays-czech-slovak-governments; “Russian Documentary on ‘Helpful’ 1968 Invasion Angers Czechs,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, June 1, 2015, http://www.rferl.org/a/ russian-documentary-on-helpful-1968-invasion-angers-czechs/27047867.html. 15. Lucian Kim, “Vladimir Putin's New Faux Documentary Is Trying to Rewrite the History of His Own Aggression,” Slate, March 19, 2015, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/foreigners/2015/03/viadimir_putin_s documentary is trying to_rewrite_histo- ry_crimea_the_way.html. 16. Joshua Yaffa, “Putin's New War on ‘Traitors,” New Yorker, March 28, 2014, http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/putins-new- war-on-traitors. 17. “Russian Professor Sacked over Criticism of Actions in Ukraine,” Reuters, March 24, 2014, http://www.reuters.com/article/ us-ukraine-crisis-professor-idUSBREA2N1BM20140324; “Russian Propaganda: 1984 in 2014,” Economist, March 29, 2014, http:// www.economist.com/news/europe/21599829-new-propaganda-war-underpins-kremlins-clash-west-1984-2014. 18. Sergey Berzin, “Russian Academics Spooked by Zubov’s Dismissal,” University World News, April 11, 2014, http://www.university- worldnews.com/article.php?story=20140410172832334. 19. “Putin Signs Law Criminalizing Denial of Nazi War Crimes,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, May 5, 2014, http://www.rferl.org/a/ russia-criminalizes-nazi-denial/25373990.html. 20. Tom Balmforth, “Russias Security Council Turns Its Gaze to History and 1917," Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, October 30, 2016. http://www. rferl.org/a/russia-history-distortion-information-attacks/28087105.html. 21. Gao Wengian, “China Must Purge Mao's Ghost,” New York Times, December 25, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/26/opin- ion/china-must-purge-maos-ghost.html. 22. Andrew Higgins, “In China, a Long Path of Writing the Communist Party's History,” Washington Post, May 26, 2011, https://www. washingtonpost.com/world/in-china-a-long-path-of-writing-the-communist-partys-history/2011/05/16/AGDfMECH_story.html. 23. lan Johnson, “At Chinas New Museum, History Toes Party Line,” New York Times, April 3, 2011, http://www.nytimes. com/2011/04/04/world/asia/O4museum.html. 24. Anne Henochowicz, “Sensitive Words: Seven Don't Mentions and More,” China Digital Times, May 11, 2013, http://chinadigital- times.net/2013/05/sensitive-words-seven-say-nots-and-more/. 25. Raymond Li, “Seven Subjects Off Limits for Teaching, Chinese Universities Told,” South China Morning Post, May 10, 2013, http:// www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1234453/seven-subjects-limits-teaching-chinese-universities-told. 26. Tom Mitchell, “China Deploys Amnesia on Fiftieth Anniversary of Cultural Revolution,” Financial Times, May 13, 2016, https://www. ft.com/content/40b84132-18cf-11e6-b197-a4af20d5575e. 27. Jamil Anderlini, “The Return of Mao: A New Threat to China's Politics,” Financial Times, September 29, 2016, https://www.ft.com/ content/63a5a9b2-85cd-11e6-8897-2359a58ac7a5. 28. Cameron White, “Beijing's Textbook Hypocrisy,” Wall Street Journal, June 17, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/beijings-text- book-h-1434555035. 29. Maxim Trudolyuboy, “Putin Plays Politics with Russia's Terrible Past,” Newsweek, November 3, 2016, http://www.newsweek.com/ putin-plays-politics-russias-terrible-past-515906. 34 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019268