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195 196 198 198 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 202 203 204 204 205 205 205 Notes to pages 199-214 | 323 cHAPTER 19 The Rise of the NSA “There are many things”: Gellman, “Edward Snowden, After Months of NSA Revelations, Says His Mission’s Accomplished.” By 1914, the U.S. Army: National Security Agency, Pearl Harbor Review: The Black Chamber, NSA, 2009, https://www.nsa.gov/about/cryptologic_heritage /center_cryptologic_history/pearl_harbor_review/black_chamber.shtml. “Its far-seeking eyes”: Kahn, Codebreakers, 358. The NSA also organized: Woodward, Veil, 471-75. In 1980, President Ronald Reagan: David R. Shedd, “How Obama Unilaterally Chilled Surveillance,” Wall Street Journal, Nov. 30, 2015. “We are approaching”: Turner, Secrecy and Democracy, 92. “vastness”: Woodward, Veil, 202. James Bond provision: lan Cobain, “How Secret Renditions Shed Light on MI6’s Licence to Kill and Torture,” Guardian, Feb. 13, 2012. The NSA had assiduously: Kevin Poulsen, “New Snowden Leak Reports ‘Groundbreaking’ NSA Crypto-cracking,” Wired, Aug. 29, 2013. “Yes, my continental European friends”: Woolsey, “Why We Spy on Our Allies.” “very foundation of U.S. intelligence”: John McLaughlin, “We Need NSA to Do What It Does—It Makes Us Safer,” Press of Atlantic City, Jan. 8, 2014. It made leading hacktivists: Charlie Savage et al., “Hunting for Hackers, N.S.A. Secretly Expands Internet Spying at U.S. Border,” New York Times, Jane 4, 2015. “one of the most regulated”: De, “Former NSA Lawyer on ‘Harm’ of Edward Snowden’s Revelations.” the attack on Sony: Rob Lever, “Some Experts Still Aren’t Convinced That North Korea Hacked Sony,” Business Insider, Dec. 30, 2014. “The Chinese are viewed”: Alexander quoted in Kelley Vlahos, “America’s Already-Failed Cyber War,” American Conservative, July 23, 2015. “We are bolstering our support”: “Black Budget: Congressional Budget Justifica- tion Excerpt,” Washington Post, Aug. 30, 2013. These compartments were: Former NSA officer who requested anonymity, inter- view with author. “The queen on our chessboard”: Former NSA officer who requested anonymity, interview with author. to confront flagging morale: Hayden, interview with author. 205-206 “the nation has lost”: Mulvaney, “NSA Director Adm. Michael Rogers Dis- cusses Freedom, Privacy, and Security Issues at Princeton University.” 206 Although repairing the damage: King, “Ex-NSA Chief Details Snowden’s Hiring at Agency, Booz Allen.” CHAPTER 20 The NSA’s Back Door 207 “You have private for-profit”: Bamford and De Chant, “Edward Snowden on Cyber Warfare.” 208 According to a report: “Out of Control,” NSA, http://nsarchive.gwu.edu /NSAEBB/NSAEBB4?24/docs/Cyber-009. pdf. 211 “All of us just fell”: Baker, “Michael Hayden Says U.S. Is Easy Prey for Hackers.” | | Epst_9780451494566_2p_all_rt.indd 323 ® HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_019811 9/30/16 e13.aM | |