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NOTES 1 Malcolm Turnbull, “Speech Introducing the National Security Legislation Amendment (Espionage and Foreign Interference) Bill 2017,” December 7, 2017, https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/speech- introducing-the-national-security-legislation-amendment-espionage-an. 2 See CCP Central Committee Document No. 9: http://www.chinafile.com/document-9-chinafile-translation. 3 https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/china-mongolia-taiwan/peoples-republic-china. 4 National Endowment for Democracy, Sharp Power: Rising Authoritarian Influence, Washington, DC, December 2017, https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Sharp-Power-Rising-Authoritarian- Influence-Full-Report.pdf. 5 Several other studies have recently been published concerning China’s influence activities and united front work abroad, including: Bowe, Alexander. “China’s Overseas United Front Work.” US-China Economic and Security Review Commission. August 24, 2018. https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/Research/ China%27s%200verseas%20United%20Front%20Work%20-%20Background%20and%20 Implications%20 for%20US_final_0.pdf; Jonas Parello-Plesner, The Chinese Communist Party’s Foreign Interference Operations: How the US and Other Democracies Should Respond: Hudson Institute, June 2018, https:// www.hudson.org/research/14409-the-chinese-communist-party-s-foreign-interference-operations-how- the-u-s-and-other-democracies-should-respond; Anastasya Lloyd- Damnjanovic, A Preliminary Study of PRC Political Influence and Interference Activities in American Higher Education, Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Kissinger Institute on China and the United States, September 6, 2018, https:// www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/preliminary-study-prc-political-influence-and-interference-activities- american-higher. 6 Throughout this report, we use the term “CCP,” which stands for Chinese Communist Party. It is sometimes also referred to as the Communist Party of China (CPC). Introduction HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020466