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97 Promoting Integrity Figuring out how to properly counter the PRC’s influence operations in both English- and Chinese-language media presents enormous challenges in a free society. The United States could consider restrictions on state-controlled media outlets, which would not include publicly funded broadcasters, such as the BBC, which maintain editorial independence. Failing that, the recent requirement that state-run publications, TV and radio broadcasters, and potentially their employees, register as agents of a foreign government is a partial solution.*’ And in late 2017, Russia’s RT registered as a foreign agent®® while in September 2018, the US Justice Department reportedly also ordered CGTN and Xinhua to register as agents of a foreign power. When it comes to independent Chinese-language media, the US government should consider doing more to help such independent outlets survive, including using grants via the Fulbright program or other vehicles, such as the State Department International Visitors or Speakers’ Bureau. Domestically, the US government could also consider aiding the operations of independent Chinese-language media, including manufacturing credits for printing press operations, and nonprofit tax designations to allow journalism business models to survive the current transitional crisis. Private charitable foundations can also make a difference in helping independent Chinese- language media remain editorially independent and financially viable. Promoting Reciprocity The time has come for the US government to demand reciprocity for American journalists attempting to do their professional work in China. To the extent that they are prevented from doing so as a result of visa denials and restrictions of access, the US State Department should respond in kind by restricting visas and access for Chinese journalists in the United States. To the extent that American journalists experience harassment and physical violence, this should also have a bearing on the granting of visas and access to Chinese journalists. NOTES 1 He Qinglian has written the most detailed study of the Chinese-language media landscape in the United States. It is currently unpublished. 2 Troianovski, Anton. “China Agency Nears Times Square.” Wall Street Journal. June 30, 2010. https://www .wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748 7043346045 75339281420753918. Section 6 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020556