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116 19 Stein, Jeff. “Why the US Is Investigating the Chinese Ownership of a CIA-Linked Insurance Company.” Newsweek. September 27, 2016. http://www.newsweek.com/wright-usa-fosun-group-insurance-company -china-476019. 20 Markay, Lachlan. “Embattled Chinese Telecom Giant ZTE Hired Trump Campaign Veteran.” Daily Beast, June 1, 2018. https://www.thedailybeast.com/embattled-chinese-telecom-giant-zte-beefs-up-lobbying -muscle. 21 “HNA Group Names Israel Hernandez as Head of International Corporate Affairs.” PR Newswire. https:// www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hna-group-names-israel-hernandez-as-head-of-international -corporate-affairs-300627805.html. 22 Author’s analysis of OpenSecrets data. 23 “Exhibit A to Registration Statement.” US Department of Justice. August 9, 2017. https://www.fara.gov /docs/6452-Exhibit-AB-20170809-1.pdf. 24 “Client Profile: Summary, 2017.” Open Secrets. Accessed March 9, 2018. https://www.opensecrets.org /lobby/clientsum.php?id=D000068897&year=2017. 25 Wanhua Chemical joined the American Chemistry Council, which has spent over $40 million over the 2012, 2014, and 2016 election cycles. Alibaba joined the American Legislative Exchange Council, a group known for its success in effectively ghostwriting legislation in legislatures nationwide. These associations, which operate as nonprofit 501(c)(6) corporations, are not subject to detailed disclosure requirements, making it difficult to ascertain whether the funds contributed by foreign members are being used for political purposes. Similarly, 501(c)(4) social welfare organizations, while limited to spending no more than half of their expenditures on political activities, do not have to disclose the names of their donors, making it possible for foreign donors, who are prevented from making political contributions, to conceal their involvement. See Lee, Fang. “Chinese State-Owned Chemical Firm Joins Dark Money Group Pouring Cash into US Elections.” Intercept, February 15, 2018. https://theintercept .com/2018/02/15/chinese-state-owned-chemical-firm-joins-dark-money-group-pouring-cash-into -u-s-elections/; Lee, Fang and Nick Surgey. “Chinese Corporation Alibaba Joins Group Ghostwriting American Laws.” /ntercept, March 20, 2018. https://theintercept.com/2018/03/20/alibaba-chinese -corporation-alibaba-joins-group-ghostwriting-american-laws/; Li, Belinda. “Avoiding Chinagate 2.0.” Kleptocracy Initiative. April 10, 2017. http://kleptocracyinitiative.org/2017/04/avoiding-chinagate -2-0. 26 Lee, Fang. “Gary Locke, While Obama’s Ambassador to China, Got a Chinese Tycoon to Buy His House.” Intercept, August 3, 2016. https://theintercept.com/2016/08/03/gary-locke-ambassador-to-china-house -sale-chinese-tycoon. 27 Ibid. 28 “Donor Lookup.” Open Secrets. Accessed March 9, 2018. https://www.opensecrets.org/donor-lookup /results?name=&cycle=&state=&zip=&employ=HNA+Group&cand-; Ibid. https://www.opensecrets.org /donor-lookup/results?name=&cycle=&state=&zip=&em ploy=HNA+Innovation+Finance&cand=. 29 Lee, Michelle Ye Hee, Anu Narayanswamy, Emily Rauhala, and Simon Denyer. “Invitations Offer Wealthy Chinese Access to President Trump at Fundraiser.” Washington Post. May 25, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/invitations-offer-wealthy-chinese-access-to-president -trump-at-fundraiser/2018/05/25/3bc6a8ae-5e90-11e8-a4a4-cO70ef53f315_story.html?utm_term= -5e994d591961. 30 Fang, Lee. “Chinese Law Firm to Merge with American Firms, Employ Howard Dean, Newt Gingrich.” Intercept. May 21, 2015. https://theintercept.com/2015/05/21/newt-gingrich-joins-lobbying-firm-merging -howard-deans-law-firm-major-chinese-law-firm. Corporations HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020575