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115 10 Several of these groups conduct outreach to elected officials. Summaries of Chinese New Year and other galas regularly mention the presence of American officials or their representatives. The Philadelphia- based Shenzhen Chamber’s New Year’s party included a city council member and a county commissioner. A member of the House of Representatives from California has appeared at several events hosted by different organizations, including a January 2018 forum organized by the Wenzhou chamber that was subsequently featured prominently on the website of another United Front organization, the All America Chinese Youth Federation. In another instance, the former mayor of a California city attended a meeting hosted bya chamber welcoming a visiting Overseas Chinese affairs official from Hebei province. There is no reason to believe that any of these politicians are aware of the groups’ interactions with the Chinese party-state. See “SARI PSS, FRR SEF PERT PARD PRRERMRS.” REM. September 29, 2017. http:// usa.fjsen.com/2017-09/29/content_20192454.htm; Ren, Richard. “2BiaMW BBAEDEABACHICk B RRB 4 DS.” All America Chinese Youth Federation. January 27, 2018. http://www.aacyf.org/?p=8242; ‘WABIMEARRARAAE , MAA ARD BRAAA ML.” 5B DN ALR (Silicon Valley-Hebei Chamber). November 21, 2017. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Xt1Cll2rsFsUsliuLHr9tw. 11 For example, in the United States, the Jiangsu chamber’s launch event in California was attended by a vice chair of the Provincial Standing Committee; a Shenzhen chamber’s launch event, also in California, was joined by Lin Jie of Guangdong Province’s United Front department; and in 2016, the California-based Guangdong chamber itself hosted a provincial Overseas Chinese Affairs department secretary. In China, the America-China Enterprise Chamber of Commerce met a provincial United Front official in Fujian in September 2017; a US-based Zhejiang chamber was received in Hangzhou by a provincial CPPCC vice chair who manages Overseas Chinese work; and the leader of the Inner Mongolia-chamber met with that province’s Overseas Chinese Association chair in 2016. See “HX ESLARBMARK WZ.” Chinese American Federation. March 15, 2017. http://chinese-usa.org/#i 7h 3) / Hl Se48/17 2-H BSL HABARKIZ.html; “ZA EHR AMS , SRR S HSH TMB.” SH. September 28, 2016. https://www.meipian.cn /6m9vy0p; “READ Bid TiS HHO tee.” US-China Guangdong Chamber of Commerce. Accessed September 12, 2018. www.uscgcec.com/showactivity.asp?id=795; “Se Pil RMAwe RHP DRUASER 123847.” RIP. September 20, 2017. usa.fjsen.com/2017-09/20/content_20152181.htm; “##pPsLSasa— TRAM LOR EMS SMA.” HEA. November 4, 2017. http://www.chinaqw.com/jjkj/2017/11-04 /167171.shtml; “FAB A) ile 4S.” US News Express. September 2, 2017. http://www.usnewsexpress.com /archives/35405. 7, 12 Ju, Sherry Fei and Charles Clover “China’s Diplomacy Budget Doubles under Xi Jinping.” Financial Times. March 6, 2018. https://www.ft.com/content/2c750f94-2123-11e8-a895-1balf72c2c11. 13 Hanemann, Thilo and Daniel H. Rosen. “New Neighbors 2017 Update: Chinese FDI in the United States by Congressional District.” Rhodium Group. April 24, 2017. https://rhg.com/research/new-neighbors-2017 -update-chinese-fdi-in-the-united-states-by-congressional-district. 14 Ibid. 15 Schmidt, Michael S., Keith Bradsher, and Christine Hauser. “US Panel Calls Huawei and ZTE ‘National Security Threat’.” New York Times, October 8, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/09/us/us-panel-calls -huawei-and-zte-national-security-threat.html. 16 Cave, Danielle. “The African Union Headquarters Hack and Australia’s 5G Network.” Strategist, July 13, 2018. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-african-union-headquarters-hack-and-australias-5g-network. 17 McKenzie, Nick. “China’s ZTE Was Built to Spy and Bribe, Court Documents Allege.” Sydney Morning Herald. June 1, 2018. https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/china-s-zte-was-built-to-spy-and -bribe-court-documents-allege-20180531-p4ziqd.html. 18 Woo, Stu, Dan Strumpf, and Betsy Morris. “Huawei, Seen as Possible Spy Threat, Boomed Despite US Warnings.” Wall Street Journal. January 8, 2018. https://www.wsj.com/articles/huawei-long-seen-as-spy -threat-rolled-over-u-s-road-bumps-1515453829. Section 7 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020574