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156 7 James Kynge, Lucy Hornby, and Jamil Anderlini, “Inside China’s Secret ‘Magic Weapon’ for Worldwide Influence,” Financial Times (London), October 26, 2017, accessed October 11, 2018, https://www.ft.com /content/fb2b3934-b004-11e7-beba-5521c713abf4. 8 Robert Fife and Steven Chase, “Two Conservative Senators’ Business Venture Linked to China,” Globe and Mail (Toronto), December 15, 2017, accessed October 11, 2018, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news /politics/two-conservative-senators-business-venture-linked-to-china/article37340503. 9 Robert Fife, Steven Chase, and Xiao Xu, “Senate Ethics Watchdog Probes China Trip by Three Conservative Senators,” Globe and Mail (Toronto), December 7, 2017, accessed October 11, 2018, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/senate-ethics-watchdog-probes-china-trip-by-three -conservative-senators/article37232605., 10 Robert Fife, Steven Chase, and Xiao Xu, “Beijing Foots Bill for Canadian Senators, MPs to Visit China,” Globe and Mail (Toronto), December 1, 2017, accessed October 11, 2018, https://www.theglobeandmail.com /news/politics/beijing-foots-bill-for-visits-to-china-by-canadian-senators-mps/article37162592. 11 Terry Glavin, “Glavin: Learn from Australia—We Should Beware of Chinese Influence-peddling,” Ottawa (Ontario) Citizen, December 13, 2017, accessed October 11, 2018, http://ottawacitizen.com/opinion /columnists/glavin-learn-from-australia-we-should-beware-of-chinese-influence-peddling. 12 Dan Levin, “Chinese-Canadians Fear China’s Rising Clout ls Muzzling Them,” New York Times, August 27, 2016, accessed October 11, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/world/americas/chinese -canadians-china-speech.html. 13 Tom Blackwell, “‘Don’t Step Out of Line’: Confidential Report Reveals How Chinese Officials Harass Activists in Canada,” National Post (Toronto), January 5, 2018, accessed October 11, 2018, https:// nationalpost.com/news/world/confidential-report-reveals-how-chinese-officials-harass-activists-in -canada-there-is-a-consistent-pattern. 14 Robert Fife, Steven Chase, and lan Bailey, “Trudeau Won’t Say If Canada Will Follow Australia, US in Blocking Huawei from Big Projects,” Globe and Mail (Toronto), August 28, 2018, https://www.theglobeandmail .com/politics/article-pm-trudeau-hazy-on-whether-canada-will-join-allies-to-ban-chinas. FRANCE France is the Western European country with the most favorable disposition toward China historically, dating back to the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1964. Yet, it is also the EU country where public opinion toward China is the most negative, overtaking Italy in 2017. As in other countries, it is difficult to distinguish between the voluntary exposure to influence by French seeking to benefit from China’s rise and active efforts by Beijing to exploit French vulnerabilities. Both the Left and Right in France have supported close ties with China. The dual nature of these ties differs from other European countries where for the most part the Left has been critical of US policy in Asia and supportive of China and Vietnam. In France’s case, it was the Right, under Charles de Gaulle, which recognized China in January 1964 and criticized US policy during the Vietnam War. So, for example, in January 2014, an all-night celebration for the fiftieth anniversary of the recognition was held in Paris with funding largely from major French firms operating in China. Appendix 2 HOUSE_OVERSIGHT_020615