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ase 136"er-00230-PAE Document 424-4 Filed 11/08/21 Page 2 of: Commentary Journal of Interpersonal Violence ° 2018, Vol. 33(1) 28-36 Grooming and © The Author(s) 2017 e Reprints and permissions: Sed u ctlio n sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/08862605 17742060 journals.sagepub.com/home/jiv @SAGE Park Dietz! Abstract Ken Lanning’s recollections of the origins of the use of the term “grooming” to refer to techniques used by acquaintances to gain sexual access to and control over children is an important contribution to the history of the significant recognition that many cases of child sexual abuse occur at the hands of offenders who are acquaintances of the child and who do not need to use force, threats, or violence to gain the compliance of their victims. That this recognition was slow in coming is obvious in retrospect, as is true of any social problem that remains hidden for centuries only to burst into public consciousness over the course of a few years. In this article, | report the results of searches using Google Scholar to look at the introduction of this use of the term “grooming” to the peer-reviewed literature in 1984 and its increasing use through 2016. Since 2008, the usage has been adopted in hundreds of articles in the professional literature each year, suggesting that this usage of the term “grooming” will remain common in the decades ahead. | also examine the history of the term “seduction” in the context of child sexual abuse, particularly two archaic uses of the term: as a euphemism for any sexual or sexually stimulating encounter between child and adult and in the context of suggestions that it was the child who seduced the adult. To avoid resurrecting any confusion over these issues, it would be a mistake to abandon “grooming” in favor of “seduction.” | conclude that the best strategy may be that adopted by Lanning of using the terms grooming and seduction in tandem, explaining the parallels between the seduction of one adult by another and the grooming or seduction of a child by an adult. 'Park Dietz & Associates, Newport Beach, CA, USA Corresponding Author: Park Dietz, Park Dietz & Associates, Newport Beach, CA 92663, USA. Email: expert@parkdietzassociates.com DOJ-OGR-00006299