EFTA00281336.pdf

Water Parsons The New School for Design School of Constructed Environments Interior Design (AAS) Environmental Design PAID 1028-X1 SP-17 Hikida EFTA00281336 Learning Objectives • At the end of this presentation you should know: • The percentage of the earth's surface that is covered with water. • The percentage of a human being that is composed of water. • The uses of water globally by use group as a percentage. • The uses of water for residential use by percentage. • The US Environmental Protection Act of 1992 (EPAct 1992) flow rates for household plumbing fixtures. EFTA00281337 Questions about water • What do we use water for? • Where does our water come from? • How much water do we use every day? Every year? • How can we reduce our water consumption? • How would you design a space without any plumbing? EFTA00281338 Water facts: Ill water's formula Suit•n23e • Chemical composition: H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. • Water is the only pure substancefound naturally in all three states of matter: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or vapor). • Hydrophilic = "water attracting", examples: wood, and paper. • Hydrophobic = "water repelling", example: oil. • Capillary action = "the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of and in opposition to, external forces like gravity". • Water finds its own level. EFTA00281339 71% of the earth's surface is covered with water EFTA00281340 Volumetric representation of earth's water EFTA00281341 The water cycle Volcanic steam Ice and snow U.S. Dept. of the Interior U S Geological Survey John Evans. Howard Pedma n. USGS http r.ga water usgs goviedunovaterc yt le html Atmosphere Sublimation 1 Desublimation Streamflow epage Evapotranspiration t Surface runoff Groundwater storage Condensation Evaporation Oceans EFTA00281342 Where is the earth's water? Freshwater 2.5% Othersar water 0.9% Oceans 96.5% Total global water Surface/other freshwater l '2% 73wroauti 0.1 Freshwater Glaciers and ice caps 68.7% Atmosphere 3.0% \ Living things 0.26% Rivers 0.49% Swamps, marshes 2.6% Lak 20. Ground ice and permafrost 69.0% Surface water and other freshwater Soil moisture 3.8% Source: Igor Shiklomanov's chapter "World fresh water resources' in Peter H. Gleick (editor), 1993, Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources. NOTE: Numbers are rounded, so percent summations may not add to 100. EFTA00281343 Humans are 61% water Consequences of Dehydration 'THIRST Thirst is a uwlul indicator of daily fluid requirements. llt*wtursatery. it's not fully reliable since the body is already mildly dehydrated by the time an average person starts to notice 'Anti [ Dehydration results in dry skin and wrinkles! SKIN KIDNEYS Higher water intake is shown to have a protcctne impact on the kidneys, and there is cabal evidence that OW (Chronic Kidney Diane) may be reversers related to higher water intake A study by Oar et al found • strong protective effect off...dente ei preventing kidney stone forma- tion in men.' PHYSICAL Studies have shoat, that the modest Friel of dehydration (2% of body mass:. can result in around a 29% decrease in phyu cal perfoimarce levels in tempo ate climates and up to a 4O decrease in hot temperatures' WATER makes up to 60% I 'MENTAL Dehydration can degrade specific aspects of cognitive performance includ ing visual inpLance. tension. anxiety. fatigue and vi sual working memory. Dehy. drat ion was also linked to negative mood rat rif, impaired motor performance and DEHYDRATION WEIGHT LOSS Opting for water instead of sugary drinks can help reduce body tirtibt and tat levers According to Stookey! just drinking S0O ml (17 oil of water increases energy expenditure by 1C0kr Findings in the same study indicate that an absolute increase in drinking water to toe 11 IN oil/day was associated with -2 kg or 5 lbs weight loss over 12 months *WATER playS CrlCal *lel. an trans ratan rutnentS and waste Fr is beaten O' major oceans od haws freWle • Im•••-• • PO. I 0 ••••••••• • •••••••••• • •••08. •••••••••••••••••••••••••• Yam ••••• •••••• a IS III ...m•••• .1w Somme,. WOWS. •••••L Ma i•InInala EFTA00281344 What do we use water for? Worldwide Agricultural use accounts for 70% of all water consumption Industrial use 20% Domestic use 10% EFTA00281345 The average American uses 176 gallons of water per day compared to 5 gallons of water the average African family uses each day. 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Gallons 7 z - American Water Use African Wata Use • Gallons EFTA00281346 T . US. Freshwater Use (2005) Total freshwater withdrawals in the United States, 2005 Public supply 44,200 Domestic 3,830 Irrigation Livestock 2,140 Aquaculture 8,780 Industrial 17,000 Mining 2,310 128.000 Thermoelectric 143,000 I I I I I I I 50.000 75.000 100.000 125.000 150.000 175.000 200.000 225 000 Water withdrawals, in million gallons per day 0 25,000 ZUSGS EFTA00281347 Household water using devices • Water closets (toilets) • Urinals • Lavatories (sink faucets) • Shower heads • Bathtub faucets • Kitchen sink faucets • Dishwashers • Clothes washers • Garden hoses EFTA00281348 What do we use water for at home? How Much Water Do We Use? Shower 16216 -- loilet Faucet 15.1% Lamb 13.7% Clothes washer Other 21J% 13% Suirry• AMIRX 11 n WrxkL kaunutm hyrax), fouilvarv, TrudeNxil Ind thrs :flak`.' '999 EFTA00281349 L Current U.S. Environmental Protection Act Plumbing Fixture Flow Rates • Water closets (toilets) = 1.6 gallons per flush (gpf) • Urinals = 1.0 gpf • Lavatories (sink faucets) = 2.2 gallons per minute (gpm) at 60 pounds per square inch (psi) • Shower heads = 2.5 gpm at 80 psi • Bathtub faucets = no standard • Kitchen sink faucets = 2.2 gpf at 60 psi • Dishwashers = 4.5 to 6.5 gallons per cycle • Commercial clothes washers = 9.5 gallons per cycle per cubic feet • Garden hoses = no standard EFTA00281350 Astoria*.Shaded Style MI liens Sauer CHAMPION s 4 ELONGATED RIGHT HEIGHT *" ONE - PIECE TOILET VITREOUS CMS CNOMPIOT444 ELONGATED RIGHT HEIGHT*, OPIE4nECE TOILET 7 2034.014 • ter een china • Eve•Oosn• eatace tnhbolt me grexch of elan• and odor-caned beeline. mold and maiden on In. evince • toseeenetneten 810189 me • realism Champion' 4 fluanMg $p111•01 porkontlinCe pinllcrn • e rOft-adj.etege pnen scion hccOceiticdn' rush wdve • 16.1/2 rem heel kW «Cosa* aCtokaterts • Egon-paled •sphon 300e piled bowl • 2-38' hay celand rapway • Clad,* na, low • or. lackey (lush Inted • 7 tell Cain • 10 )0a• 'tamely NOTInad 0•••••••••••; 75i x 451 • 749rnin 429-34' a ti-3er • t342 -1 roan mis. 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SeWsse Urns RAO Yaw URINAL Stews seta LIS KS Eficiaxy.Opwiles *So late at 0125 Wt. I 0 got 10314"to 3414) %into on Moon* nn to,, %news vs WMh%t III seal Exlenclocl 9oessa• ornery 341' riot akul OuTOICOCanCtien moaned 2' me% 0,16 Stcaair •ICkadad Wets &WE lin r4.11.0•111Cet at 0125 to 10 WI Llo6ol 6590.00110o spud SELECTRONIC• RUSH VALVE: • FaCtOrtinttated 0q-P2 t 4htar Backwe • PrOtilikl COM04•11.1ten f eat.tro onsuracl acc'nw WN vOlorynapirclIni o nut sate, VeSlauci) • Sollaiansci Psi* as *hr* nte• "V"9 sionliceitlyrod•cin clottnl rd irailmance • 01102KONC• 110Anny Synen Ann oroesal some p499919911)90MC. tarmac Voir %coalmen •Sm•ofalrkt Elecircetes permit Oita fluttirg • Ocawilicalion Await* aom-noll tan Soy • Fay Mothantsi Monad Wind. 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MonK0410 pup Iatttcl " WEAN cremate ong B3 potpoi5 ell recommegded to most Ponteg 'wows Flow Requirememt 10 ioxn 029 /mm) Nominal Rahn Dlineefloox 360x 490 x 664enn -1/11' x 211141 EFTA00281352 Sn= trua (4.14') 64 Kam. W1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Opablo bena owwncien Amma, I,. Pm ..arves Pram< Ame ~ro rammIce4 ~Pal ncm mo. .NAt snems enn nedi co-.4449 nifs 84442 gco~ Spat 22gprn/ASJØPIK ts"rn HERITAGE TWO-HANDLE CENTERSET BAR SINK FAUCET APTA 94ASt coosrKrac w0ut HODEL NUBBER: J 7490.000 Clellent Bar SP* FnaCel 00040noc• ~AP MP« Lem Lo.), J I TIdA Birgit, myst bo Ordeeet beplIPPY• Penn ø Vri 34' • auti 'Pta " 0 1404.15 21 ln as OSOL•42.0MT OR VP 00 ALP CAPICCIPM PRODUCT FEATURES: C:flak B« wire Cattriclges: Aswan a ~n* at ~ne —oree Bang COMIlrutdOn: Cvmer. 6.4~4 n Pt. uro 446~4 ~BP OnloppOottati ~narr Least Rop rnat ~n, s 2546 euladatdwl ty . 0~ props SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION: Benin« bor sea apal Na b• unt Par r7øØ e* 40 broa ~pint M. aor loobn 14 Pm ~hoda CYwnCdaMeanVOM ~p b• ~OPP% Sidedonl Lam 1 wW 000.__wdpWMt Y4 • 0400 • rair Ammans LIw HERITAGE TIVOMANDLE CENTERSET BAR SINK FAUCET MITH BRUS 000SENECIC SPOUT GODES AND STANDARDS 74~ pitts ~Al a ~en klowng 1:0014 aind 1wØ APE A112.III.1 CSA 812E RSF ø/Raka 9 and Anna G RSF 372 30 24 24 I LO Od OA ROM MIE' tO 40 00 10 102 &&&&& Pattillat 1•841 Aina nem 44—nuedma PrOdnel Minte INAterlplion MOBB ~id 06a CO2 7490002 Ber Sva kuct. lom 4pAs4.4 IratowrxabYralrtfmrw Mnal« tist ba dØØ. Topp* las Monlks • Stehy aØ as'. nmbet tricspl syne unn ard 3 tap Pisk nenne talnpbe 7•90 00 CO2 - Bv SIM Pinol n Poke« CArtrip Man TI* Smi npnana aPann P* ~Sno MASSoPeri 1144KON 4 , OttmAsobahst. Pen ES& Cl000noto. LVB LI6 VIP LVw LOO VII VO6 Ni 14CA • PI— 0.4490~ Al Mplititkne IIIat CALGmén OPP I 5 arm B 14.4m Wn747 rin.v.va PU IM /449444 taAmp Am. Cm., 65 gpn B 7 tan» PCA Ib.Aawa Lamar rin Onn U r 01.71444 *mV ~Ment PCA Aen* 10Ø1å $ tant Vanaa+ n44.44444 Pu Wn.Mrablt.v.m. ?kn Ouron 10 gpn fl 6 1446, KA Non lumpe t amma, Pnn Cmp tOpnOALpMV.M11wM.V PCA Ank« 0.69r^i19 14.4)Van14-7.44446 PCA nkn ~sml Smir II.36 rom 16314.10VomPARopalAm PCA WnMaMPSia 97447AS 444mA m u42 ~Pm EFTA00281353 ll IV MOEN Buy it tor looks. Buy it for We. DESCRIPTION • </wont plated maul (smooch:. • htr cornecton, IPS extent.. CC nterie• • latiodet Yowerkted.orn and Pdmie OPERATION • DOA comm., • Levan handle, • WO•ame.,•••1 tempnaturecontiolcd by toubmg IvexIles totaxl wool to well PLOW • Thoueuterdef tutted to IS grin NS UniN wax. • EPsAli ilweoMeadt/d•ItrANEIOZOCIPinChSIANnl •nN. CARTRIDGE • 1214 can...odes*, • lionnteuRd and gadabis steel mantas STANDARDS • MK, Indy (oohed to AS/AE All 2.1t1 KSA 8125.1. and al analluNe, •4•Qu••••tmeots 'evinced therein • ADA 0 toe leaf 1•4•11•414. • MartsWeitiSerile kg UP lax model, • math New Yolk City Leta law Ws S7 IN EP 'NW NNW WARRANTY • Wen limped wanno a9•PnII Islo•dnInEadfinhh defects to the oreoeual (*wove puethate • S war wananty it used in commuter a...WON:es Specifications MOEN TbreeNamle Tub/Show.. Valve Models: 82403 NY Ns ••••••- aro rs•••••••••••1 CRITICAL DIMENSIONS On MI KRWMI INFORWMON NIAt 14084VANOW ••••••••••••• EFTA00281354 Sources • • water-2/ Marble mg • https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthhowmuch.html • http://www.waterinfo.org/resources/water-facts . • http://www.worldometers.info/water/ • http://www.epa.gov/WaterSense/pubs/indoor.html • EFTA00281355